Well packer apparatus



2 Sheets-Sheet l R. C. BAKER WELL FACKER APPARATUS Jan. 12, 1954 Filed April 23, 1948 TToeA/Ev.

Jan. 12, 1954 R. c. BAKER WELL. PACKER APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 23, 1948 INVENTOR. EuBE/v C AKEQ,

BY MMM/@QW TTOQNEY- Patented Jan. l2, 1954 WELL PACKER APPARATUS Reuben C. Baker, Coalinga, Calif.,v assignor to` Baker Oil Tools, Inc., Vernon, Calif., a corporation ofCalifornia Application April 23, 1948.,.Serial No. 22,887V

(Cl. 16B-12) 17 Claims.

1 The present invention pertains to well apparatusadapted to be anchored in well conduits, such as casing located in well bores'.

Anobject of the invention is to provide a well tool, which, can be anchored to a well casing against` movement in both longitudinal directions bythe. simple expedient of moving the running in string, to which the tool is attached, in one direction.. More specifically, the tool is anchored against minutely slight longitudinal movement inthe casing, asthe result of moving therunning-ln string upwardly;

Another object` of: the invention isz to provide an improved well packer which can be anchored immovably in pack-oi-condition within the well casing by moving the running-in string in one longitudinal direction.

A further object of the invention is to provide an` improved well packer, which is simple to set and operate, and which is capable of withstanding high pressure and temperature conditions encountered in a well bore.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a well packer that can be run and set inthe well casing on a tubing string` without the need forspecial setting tools, thereby obviating thenecessity for removing the tubing string from thefwell casing, and permitting the tubing string to function as a production conduit after the setting operation has been performed.

This invention possesses many other advantages, and has other objects which may be made more clearly apparent from a consideration of a form in which it is embodied. This form is shown in the drawings accompanying and form'- ing part oi the present specification, and will now be described in detail, for the purpose of illustrating the general principles oi the invention; but it is to be understood that this detailed description isnot to be taken in a limiting sense, since' the scope of the invention is best defined by'the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal View, partly in section and partly in elevation, of a well packer apparatus disposed in a well casing, and with the parts in position prior to anchoring the packer in packed-off condition Within the casing;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal view, similar to Fig. i, of the well packer partly anchored in packed-01T condition within the casing;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, with the well packer fully anchoredV in packed-ori condition withinthe casing; and

Figs. 4,- 5 and. 6 arecrossssections taken. along' 2 the lines.- 4.-4, 5-5 and 6 6, respectively on. Figi.

The4 welltool disclosedin the drawings is. a: packer A adapted to be runin a well casing B1 to a predetermined setting point, at which itis tobe anchored in pack-ofi condition against the wall` ofv the casing string.

The casing string B includes'a collar C adapted to connect upper andlower casing sections'D, E

. in spaced relation. Thiscollar has an internal,

elongate circumferential groove Ill whose inside diameter is substantially greaterthan` the normal` inside diameter of the casing sections D, E' them;- selves. The; groove I0 terminatesV in` an: upper shoulder II substantially at rightangles to the` casing` string axis, and also in a lower inclined surface I2 converging in a downward direction: from the inner wall or recess to the smaller diameter wall of the collar.

The well packer A is adapted to beanchored to the well casing as a result of certain anchoring means entering the collar recess I0. This packerincludes an` elongate tubular body I3 having a` guide or abutment I4 threaded on its lower end, and an integral-.upper head I5 threaded on to asub.` it` attached to thelower end of a` tubing string F; The. threaded connection I-1 between the sub I6 and body head I5 is preferably left hand, to permit` the tubing string F to be disconnected from the body I3, when desired, througha right hand, rotation of` the former' member.

The body Iisadapted to be anchored to the Well casing against downward movement by a.

set of.` lower. segmentalV slips I8, which may rest against the abutment I4, being held initially in retracted positions by one or more shear screws I9- threaded through theY slips intothe body I3. These slips have downwardly facing wickers or teeth 20 capable, of embedding themselves into the casing or collar wall, and downwardly and inwardly converging tapered` surfaces 2| cooperable witha corresponding external surface 22 on a conical expander 23, which is initially secured to the body by one or more shearV screws 24.

Itis preferred to prevent rotation between the expander 23 and body- I3, while permitting their relative longitudinal movement, by a key or spline connection.- As disclosed in the drawings, this connection may consist of a ball key 25 itting within an elongated longitudinal keyway 26 in the exterior of the body I3. The ball 25 rits` partially within the keyway 2t and partially within a hole 2. in the expander 23. Theball is4 heldin proper'` assembled relation by a headless screw 28 threaded into the expander hole 2l', with its inner end adjacent the ball 25.

It is also desired to effect a seal between the packer body I3 and the casing B. The sealing instrumentality disclosed may consist of a packing sleeve 29, of rubber or similar packing material, encompassing the body I3, with its lower end received within a pocket 30 defined between the conical expander 23 and the exterior of the body. The upper end of the packing is similarly received within a pocket 3I in a setting sleeve 32 slidable on the body I3, but initially secured to the body by one or more shear screws 33. When the shear screws 33, 24 holding the setting sleeve and expander to the body are intact, the sleeve 32 and expander 23 are spaced longitudinally a suicient distance to allow the packing sleeve 29 to remain in retracted position against the body. However, upon disruption of those shear screws and upward movement of the body I3 within the setting sleeve 32, the expander 23 is moved toward the latter, in order to foreshorten the packing sleeve 29 and expand it outwardly into iirm sealing engagement with the casing wall.

As above indicated, the lower slips I8 are to be engaged with the casing B, to secure the well packer A against downward movement. Upward movement of the well packer is prevented by a plurality of upwardly facing locking or latching elements 34 adapted to expand outwardly into the collar recess I0. These elements are spaced circularly around the setting sleeve 32, and have their lower ends secured to the tubular setting sleeve by screws 35 passing through them and threaded into the sleeve. The heads of the screws 35 may be received within holes 3E provided in a band 31 encompassing the lower ends of the leaf spring members 34, and thereby serving to retain them in position against the setting sleeve 32.

Each spring 34 extends upwardly from its point of attachment to the setting sleeve 32, and inherently tends to expand outwardly to place its upper foot portion 38 against the casing wall, and, when disposed opposite the collar recess I9, into the latter for upward contact with the shoulder f1 II defining the upper end of the recess. The spring is preferably designed so that its foot portion 38 occupies a position substantially parallel to the axis of the casing when expanded outwardly into the recess I0. Moreover, the length of the foot portion is preferably longer than the usual collar spaces found at the casing string couplings, to cause such foot portions 38 to bridge this space and prevent their inadvertent outward movement thereinto, which might effect premature setting of the packer upon upward movement of the tubing string F. As is well known, the tubing string is moved in this fashion to a small extent, upon elevating a tubing section from the tubing slips at the top oi the well bore.

For the purpose of preventing twisting of the springs 32, and to guide them along substantially radial paths in their outward expanding movement, the setting sleeve 32 has a plurality of circularly spaced projections 39, denning grooves 40 in which the spring members are movable. These grooves extend only along the mid-portion of the springs 32, being open at their upper and lower ends to prevent their plugging with drilling mud, or other substances, in the well casing F B, which might prevent outward expansion of the springs 32 into the collar recess I0.

In order to prevent downward movement of the body I3 within the parts mounted externally of it, after the tool has been anchored in packedoff condition within the well casing B, a locking device is provided between the body head I5 and the upper portion of the setting sleeve 32. This lock device, although preventing downward movement of the body I3 within the setting sleeve 32, permits upward movement of the body in the latter member.

As specifically disclosed in the drawings, the lock device consists of a split ratchet ring 4I located within a peripheral head groove 42 and tending to expand outwardly inherently, in order to place its downwardly facing peripheral teeth 43 in engagement with companion internal teeth 44 in the upper portion of the setting sleeve 32. For economy of manufacture, the cooperable teeth 43, 44 are preferably formed as helical threads, which provides a large surface of engagement therebetween. In order to prevent rotation of the ratchet ring 4| in the body I3, which might tend to bind the ring against its groove 42, or against the helical thread 44 in the sleeve, a stop element 45, in the form of a screw, is threaded into the body I3, with its head projecting into a hole 45 in the ring diametrically opposite the split ends 41 of the ring.

In moving upwardly, the head I5 moves away from the shoulder portion 48 of the setting sleeve, providing an annular chamber 49 which may have a vacuum in it. To prevent creation of such vacuum, one or more bleeder holes 50 may be provided in the upper portion of the setting sleeve 32, immediately above the shoulder 48, and communicating with the interior of the upper portion.

In the specific tool shown in the drawings, a slotted junk pusher 5I is suitably attached to the lower end of the guide I4, to prevent foreign substances in the well bore from wedging between the slips I3 and casing, and possibly causing their premature setting. In addition, a back pressure Valve 52, in the form of a iiappcr, is pivotally mounted on the guide and is adapted to be moved by a spring 53 upwardly into engagement with a oooperable seat 54 in the guide I4, to prevent upward liow of fluid through the well packer. This valve 52, however, is normally held to one side in an open position by a production tube 55 threaded on the lower end of the sub IG, and extending completely through the packer to a point therebelow.

After the packer A has been set in the well casing B, the well production may pass through casing perforations 5S below the packer A and through perforations 5l in the production tubing 55, flowing upwardly through the production tubing and through the tubing string F to the top of the well bore. Leakage between the production tubing 55 and inner wall of the packer body I3 may be prevented by a suitable packing assembly, which is disclosed as consisting of oppositely facing chevron type packing rings 58 sealingly engaging both the exterior of the production tubing 55 and the inner wall of the body I3. The packing rings are held longitudinally separated by suitable spacer members 59.

The well packer A, with its parts in retracted position, with the exception of the upwardly iacing lock springs 34, is attached to the lower end of the tubing string E by means of the sub I6. and is run in the well casing B to a point below the collar recess I5. It is evident that during this running-in operation, the production tubing 55 extends through the packer body and holds the iiapper valve 52 in open position. It is also to be noted that the upwardly facing lock springs -iIissleeveI T32; suchengagement prevents; further; upe fwardfmovement` ofvlthewlatter (Figs 1) 34u willlzride "ovencasinglcouplingfor: colla-rI :spaces without .preventing descent;` o t: theupackervinxthe wellIfIcasing.

I:After theIfIpa'eker. hasbeenfIlovveredztol azpoint belowithe collaitreoessxflfithe tubularzstringfI'lzis;I Ielevated .slowlyfI until fthe. upwardlyt-faioingtf-lock ,nzsprings :34a-are disposed opposite Iithe: collar `recess 1 Ill. i view :of itheireinherent .tendency to :IzexispandI"outwardly:,athe-Ifsprings 'Willimcve "outyrinto Athe;recess.;4,0;1nipwarclfmovement-I of-uthc :tubing si String Fhan'dv packer A` continuing; until the; upper :.-'Iends=38 ofthe :springs engage fthe I-recess-II shoulder I I. Since `the-:springs-Iare anchored tozthe `setting 1 A continuation of II the upward i zstrainfwon:` `fthe tubing? String.' `F then; shears: the yscrews' l 3311fat taching ,the setting :sleeve ;,3I2. tothe body II 3V, since `tithe `setting :sleeve is:preventedfirom1 movingup- I-IwarIdly LIby the-rsprings` 3e. The body: I 3sxmoyes2 :fupwardly` .within the-I `setting esleeve; -Imoving 4:the 5 flower, `expander` 23a-toward I .the-I. sleeve 32;:A fore- `-shortening the packing-I 29 and; expanding itI :out-

`Wardly into rmsealingnengagement :withzggthe '@,Icasingi-Iwall (Fig.` 2) fWhenfthepaclring hasfbeen;gI i

-compressed fully betweenI `the lowervendf of'IIthe :setting sleeve 32Iand the conical expander ;,23, the latter memberI is preventedifrom movingrup- I.wardlyIto any,` furtherIr-extent. Accordingly, a

u `23 andl causing theIIloWer-I abutment I 4 to shiftuthe .slips IIB upwardly alongIiItheIexpander 'and `radiI sally outward,IuntilItheir wickers are embeddedA Irmly, intol the casing or collar: wall- `(Fig.- 3)

. ,The Well. packer A-Ihas .-nowfbeenI-Ianchored vin -IIpackedI-off condition WithinI-IItheIA-well casingIB.

Any tendency -forI the,A rbody II 3l Ito move upwardly4 ,i is Iprevented,i since, .the upwardfforce I-Yis trans- IIImitted through the `lowerslips lfexpanderfn, I packingelement29, setting sleeve'I32-,Iand springs I 34 to the .collarI.shoulderfI III. Imy?tendencyfl-for the body I3 to. move downwardly-ispreventedfby ,I Ithe lower IslipsI,-I|8, .theIzdownward forcewbeing Atransmitted I.to the latter elements through fthe II lock IringI 4 I, II(whichII-Ihasvratcheted freelyI-II- an upward directionI along 4the setting sleeve .-ratchet 1 teeth .44) ,I setting sleevetSZ, `packing:elernentel 6,

..expanderli to theI/IslipsI-IIB,` and thence-through" their wickers 20 to. the .collaryICI wAccordir-igly, II .the well. I,packer cannot :move inffeither 'longitu- IIdinal directiomand leakage throughthefannulus between theibody II3I and-.I-well casingI,BisIeIpre ,yentedby the compressed packing element 2,9.

I In the event it isIIdesirIed toIdisconnectI-tl'ieitubing string F from thepacke1-IA, the `formerineed merely .be `turned to I the I righty'to'V unscrevvIJ-ithersub .I (I6 from thebody head I5. Rotation ottime-body, I III3 ,is I prevented Iby the keyfand Lslot connectionrfZS,"

I. 26 between I the-tbody@ I and t expander, iriand s-fby .I ,virtue of I the, wedging.II action of athe; `expander .`I.23 A.1in I the embedded I Islips II8. wgAssurancefzzis,

I`. thereforep had that the` ,tubingt string` `lI;;mayII I I-beI disconnected completely from Athefb'ody-I I for' withdrawal, togetherf with `:the-s:production'. tub- IIing 55, to the top Yof the=Iwel1 bore. QIAsIthe production tubing moves above the apper valve 52;:Ithe II latter will engage its cooperablegseat :54iandfprevent Aupward passage-II of ethefk well'production through .the packer A. I

IIt is, accordingly;yapparentitthat. I af wellrgpacker ,fi-has I been 1, provided, .I .which s; can fbef r fully? set- `in epackedgoff conditiomaeainst.I-movementdn bothef 1ihnmgitudinalfi' directions throughf the;` simple exedient sof @longitudinally #moving the c tubing I I string inIrone; direction; which; 1 as specifically: dis- '-.I'closedfI iSIiILHItheLupv/ard direction. The tubing :string iszanchoredmagainst even slight longitudinal movementznr shifting;I since the ends of the lock -fspringsedz*engagesitherecessed shoulder I I' firmly :,aandthe; 'slips Iarefin firm wedging engagement ithithe:casi-ngwfallw` ThereIis no play; whatsoyer;I'I allowed betweenithe anchored element-,stand Lithezfcasingeonnollarito permit longitudinal moveent. l'rNo'::specialI:;setting tools are required in iinnchoringsthentoohin the well casing. VAs aV re- -.isult,nthe Asamecstubing string F used inV `running -zthetool'i'andisettingiin the well bore, may remain .fvattached'ftm theiwellepacker for use as` chew-pro- :izdudti'onctubinga:ithereby vavoiding I the necessity 2"fi'onmemoyingflthefirunning-in string for uthe purfposefofg retrieving? setting equipment, and I' then runnin Lth'eI-samee'on another, tubing string'ba'ck fiingthe welli fomreconnection or'reassociation'with the well packer. This particular'packenis'rcaupaielefz'ofuzwithstanding high-pressures and temperaturessiencounteredinrwell `bores over extended eriods.

Ihe inventor claims: I IIIIIIr'lIn'. aavuelhtoolz a body adapted -forI lowering 21min; atwell `conduit-ion a: running-in string; tubularemeansrzslidablegon Isaidbody; an voutwardly expansibleclea-fcspring; on said tubular means Ienageable: with, ashoulderzin said conduitrforV pre- "Mentingrmovement 'of said tubular meansiin 'one direction I slip means; 'on-isaid Ibody :engaged and movable :by` saidI body; in: Isaid' one longitudinal direction toward-*said Itubular meansa and- Iinto -.engagement"with1 fsaid @conduit for preventing V.imovement,ofwsaidwlziody in theIIopposite longitul dinal'" direetiony'Y andi means" securing-said body zaagainst-` 'longitudinali movement with" respect to said 'leaf-spring; and slip meanszwhen lsaidleaf `spring andIslip means are bothaengagedwith said 'v -conduit to-preventlongitudinalrmovement ofsaid cjtubularrmeans in'rone direction and saidfbody in the opposite longitudinal direction.

II 2.I\In aIwell-ztool: afbody;adaptedforilowering :in a; well conduit von a running-in string; tubular @means-II: slidable on; saidwbodyy anV outwardly ex- ;vpansiblezleaff;springon said tubularrxneans ven- -gageabletwitlr ashoulder-I in said conduit forxpreventing movement of said tubular means inione longitudinal direction; ;slip means 'Ion -fsaid body engaged and movable-;,bysaid `body in `said one longitudinali directionItoward said tubular means r andfintoengagement with` i said conduit for: pref I'MentingfmovementIof said-:body ,in the kopposite n longitudinal` direction; IIand- -Icoengaging meansI on isaid bodyI andztubular means for preventing 1on- :gitudinal movement joeaidlbody within saidItu- ,Ibular=-means;in ,one direction when -IsaidjIleaf y, spring and slip meansareboth .engagedwith said `onrsaid body` engageaitI and I movable `by Isaid. body in Isaidf :onerlongitudinali :direction toward Isaid tubular.;means| andxinto :engagement .with said :iconduitffipreventing-.nioveznentfof said tubular means ,mmh-eopposite@longitudinal direction' Fand packing means on said body adapted to be compressed between said tubular means and slip means into sealing engagement with said conduit.

4. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a well conduit on a running-in string; tubular means slidable on said body; an outwardly expansible leaf spring on said tubular means having an end engagaeable with a shoulder in said conduit for preventing movement of said tubular means in one longitudinal direction; slip means on said body engaged and movable by said body in said one longitudinal direction toward said tubular means and into engagement with said conduit for preventing movement of said tubular means in the opposite longitudinal direction; packing means on said body adapted to be compressed between said tubular means and slip means into sealing engagement with said conduit; and coengaging lock means on said body and tubular member for preventing longitudinal movement in one direction of said body with respect to said tubular means.

5. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a well conduit on a running-in string; a tubular member slidable on said body; an outwardly expansibly leaf spring on said tubular means engageable with a shoulder in said conduit for preventing upward movement of said tubular member; slip means on said body movable upwardly by said body and into engagement with said conduit for preventing downward movement of said body; and coengaging means on said body and tubular member for preventing downward movement of said body with respect to said tubular member and slip means.

6. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a well conduit on a running-in string; a tubular member slidable on said body; an outwardly expansible leaf spring on said tubular member having an upper end engageable with a shoulder in said conduit for preventing upward movement of said tubular member; an expander slidably mounted on said body; slips cooperable with said expander and movable upwardly by said body into engagement with the well conduit to prevent downward movement of said body; and packing means around the body adapted to be compressed between said tubular member and expander into sealing engagement with said conduit.

'7. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a well conduit on a running-in string; a a tubular member slidable on said body; an outwardly expansible leaf spring on said tubular member having an upper end engageable with a shoulder in said conduit for preventing upward movement of said tubular member; an expander slidably mounted on said body; slips cooperable with said expander and movable upwardly by said body into engagement with the well conduit to prevent downward movement of said body; packing means around the body adapted to be compressed between said tubular member and expander into sealing engagement with said conduit; and coengaging means on said body and tubular member for preventing downward movement of said body with respect to said tubular member.

8. In a well tool: a body adapted to be lowered in a well conduit on a running-in string; a tubular member slidable on said body; frangible means securing said tubular member to said body; upwardly facing outwardly expansible leaf springs on said tubular member engageable with a shoulder in said conduit for preventing upward movement of said tubular member; an expander slidable on said body; slips engageable with said expander for anchoring said expander to said conduit against downward movement; frangible means securing said expander to said body; frangible means securing said slips to said body in retracted position; packing means on said body adapted to be compressed between said expander and tubular member into sealing engagement with said conduit; and coengaging means on said body and tubular member for preventing downward movement of said body with respect to said tubular member and expander.

9. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a well conduit on a running-in string; tubular means slidable on said body; an outwardly expansi'ble leaf spring on said tubular means having an end engageable with a shoulder in said conduit for preventing movement of said tubular means in one longitudinal direction; slip means on said body engaged and movable by said body in said one longitudinal direction toward said tubular means and into engagement with said conduit for preventing movement of said tubular means in the opposite longitudinal direction; and means on said body engaged by said tubular means and slip means for outward expansion into engagement with said conduit.

10. In combination: a well conduit having a recess therein; tubular means adapted for lowering in said conduit on a running-in string; a leaf spring on said tubular means expandible into said recess for engagement with a conduit shoulder for preventing movement of said tubular means in one longitudinal direction; and slip means on said tubular means engaged and movable with and by said tubular means in said one longitudinal direction into engagement with said conduit to prevent movement of said tubular means in the opposite longitudinal direction.

11. In combination: a well conduit having a recess therein; tubular means adapted for lowering in said conduit on a running-in string; upwardly directed leaf springs on said tubular means expandible into said recess for engagement with a conduit shoulder for preventing upward movement of said tubular means; and normally retracted slip means on said tubular means engaged and movable upwardly with and by said tubular means into engagement with said conduit for preventing downward movement of said tubular means.

l2. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a well conduit on a running-in string; tubular means slidable on said body; a leaf spring on said tubular means inherently tending to expand outwardly into engagement with the conduit for engagement with a shoulder in the conduit for preventing movement of said tubular means. in one longitudinal direction; slip means on said body engaged and movable by said body in said one longitudinal direction toward said tubular means and into engagement with said conduit for preventing movement of said tubular means in the opposite longitudinal direction; and packing means on said body adapted to be compressed between said tubular means and slip means into sealing engagement with said conduit.

13. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a well conduit on a running-in string; a tubular member slidable on said body; a leaf springY on said tubular member inherently tending to expand outwardly'` into engagement with the conduit for engagement with a shoulder in the conduit for preventing upward movement of said tubular member; an expander slidably mounted on said body; slips cooperable with said expander and movable upwardly by said body into engagement with the well conduit to prevent downward movement of said body; and packing means around the body adapted to be compressed between said tubular member and expander into sealing engagement with said conduit.

14. In combination: a well conduit having a recess therein; a body adapted for lowering in the conduit on a running-in string; tubular means slidable on said body; an outwardly expansible leaf spring on said tubular means having an end engageable with the portion of said conduit defining an end of said recess for preventing movement of said tubular means in one longitudinal direction; slip means on said body engaged and movable by said body in said one longitudinal direction toward said tubular means and into engagement with said conduit for preventing movement of said tubular means in the opposite longitudinal direction; and packing means on said body adapted to be compressed between said tubular means and slip means into sealing engagement with said conduit.

15. In combination: a well conduit having a recess therein; a body adapted for lowering in said conduit on a running-in string; a tubular l0 means around the body adapted to be compressed between said tubular member and expander into sealing engagement with said conduit.

16. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a conduit string on a running-:in string; a tubular member slidable on said body; an outwardly expansible leaf spring on said tubular body having'an upper end engageable with a shoulder in said conduit for preventing upward movement of said tubular member; an expander slidably mounted on said body below said tubular member; and slips cooperable with said expander and movable upwardly by said body along said expander and into engagement with the well conduit to prevent downward movement of said body.

17. In a well tool: a body adapted for lowering in a well conduit on a running-in string; tubular means slidable on said body; an outwardly expansible leaf spring on said tubular means having an upper end engageable with a shoulder in said conduit for preventing upward movement of said tubular means; and slip means on said body below said tubular means engaged and movable upwardly by said body toward said tubular means and into engagement with the well conduit to prevent downward movement of said body.

REUBEN C. BAKER.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 598,805 Munn Feb. 8, 1898 1,476,727 Quigg Dec. 1l, 1923 2,102,055 Brauer Dec. 14, 1937 2,192,336 Thornhill Mar. 5, 1940 2,295,822 Armentrout Sept. 15, 1942 

